CCM’s annual celebrations of its birthday anniversary on February 5th of every year , has always been the greatest political event of that month. This was also the case for the current year; when these celebrations, the 45th in the series, were duly held in Musoma. These celebrations are intended to provide an opportunity for the ruling party to reflect on its past performance , and on the way forward.
In our article of February 3rd, 2022; we discussed some of the positive factors which have facilitated CCM’s longevity as the country’s ruling party, ‘basking in the sunshine’ of the past huge electoral successes which have kept it in power. However in order to provide a proper balance in the presentation of these facts, we need to also take a look at the ‘negative’ factors, namely those that could possibly lead to CCM’s removal from power.That will be the subject of today’s article.
For the purpose of this presentation, I have deliberately excluded the unlawful, remote probability of the occurrence of an unconstitutional seizure of state power by the military (which post-colonial Africa has witnessed many times in many different countries). This is because, following the military coup in Uganda in January 1971, President Nyerere addressed a huge rally at the famous Jangwani grounds in Dar es Salaam, at which he not only strongly condemned this unconstitutional seizure of power by General Iddi Amin, but he also prophesied that no such coup would ever take place in Tanzania, in the following words:- “Mtu mmoja kichaa anaweza labda kunipiga risasi barabarani, akaniua. Huyo atakuwa amepindua serikali. Lakini hakuna mapinduzi ya kijeshi yatakayotokea. Hakuna.
Similarly, I have also excluded the unlawful activity of “hacking”, or otherwise “doctoring” the election results.
I am therefore talking only about the democratic process of changing power, as a result of civilized competition between political parties. For that purpose, I have identified two categories of ‘negative’ occurrences which could possibly remove CCM from power; which are the following:- (i) the effects of longevity itself;
I am therefore talking only about the democratic process of changing power, as a result of civilized competition between political parties. For that purpose, I have identified two categories of ‘negative’ occurrences which could possibly remove CCM from power; which are the following:- (i) the effects of longevity itself;
(ii) dangerous complacency; and
(iii) the self-inflicted injuries.
Analysis.
(i) A political party’s longevity in office may, unwittingly, create its own problem by being the cause of its downfall from office, and more particularly, the longevity in office of its op leader, who is normally designated “Chairman” or “President” of the relevant party. It is normal human nature for people to ‘get tired’ of their leaders who stay in office for long periods of time. They develop a feeling that they have had enough of his leadership; even just because they no longer find him interesting, or because he makes them angry or unhappy. They thus develop the urge to get rid of him.
Analysis.
(i) A political party’s longevity in office may, unwittingly, create its own problem by being the cause of its downfall from office, and more particularly, the longevity in office of its op leader, who is normally designated “Chairman” or “President” of the relevant party. It is normal human nature for people to ‘get tired’ of their leaders who stay in office for long periods of time. They develop a feeling that they have had enough of his leadership; even just because they no longer find him interesting, or because he makes them angry or unhappy. They thus develop the urge to get rid of him.
And, as happened in the case of President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia in 1991, who was voted out of office when he lost that year’s Presidential election; with the result that his political party, the United Independence Party, was also defeated, and thus ceased to be Zambia’s ruling party. It is the awareness of this danger, that led to CCM adopting the policy of limiting its top leaders term of office to only two five year terms; which has paid handsome dividends, following President Nyerere’s own voluntary resignation from the Presidency in 1985.
(ii) The need to avoid complacency.
In this context, the word “complacency” is used to mean ‘a feeling of satisfaction with a situation, so that you do not think that any change, or improvement, is necessary. Fortunately, CCM has always wisely avoided falling into this dangerous complacency; and this is easily confirmed, firstly by CCM’s vigorous and serious campaigns, which the party always undertakes during all general elections; as well as by-elections; and secondly, by its convention, or rule, of carefully preparing “election manifestos” for each and every general election, outlining its policies and programmes which will be implemented during the post-election leadership period.
(ii) The need to avoid complacency.
In this context, the word “complacency” is used to mean ‘a feeling of satisfaction with a situation, so that you do not think that any change, or improvement, is necessary. Fortunately, CCM has always wisely avoided falling into this dangerous complacency; and this is easily confirmed, firstly by CCM’s vigorous and serious campaigns, which the party always undertakes during all general elections; as well as by-elections; and secondly, by its convention, or rule, of carefully preparing “election manifestos” for each and every general election, outlining its policies and programmes which will be implemented during the post-election leadership period.
The political gurus have said that “political parties are absolutely essential for the proper functioning of democracy; simply because democracy gives the majority the right to govern, and there is no acceptable way of establishing such majority without an open competition taking place between different political parties for the right to form the government; by resenting their different policies and programmes to the electorate; and each party trying to persuade that electorate to vote for its candidates, on the basis of their policies and programmes”. However, this doctrinaire argument does not, and cannot, extinguish the right of private candidates to participate in elections, a constitutional right which has, at all times, unfortunately been denied to Tanzanians.
But, unlike some of he other political parties, for some lame excuses, have opted to boycott some of the elections; CCM has adopted the option of seriously and vigorously participating in all the elections, in fulfillment of the requirements of the political parties Act of 1992, which impose on political parties (in the definition of the words “political party) the duty of participating in elections “for the purpose of forming a government, or a local Authority”. But CCM has also been making ‘deep reflections’ on its electoral performances after every such election, in order to enable it to design appropriate improvements, where necessary.
For example, immediately after the 2010 general election; CCM’s policy making body, the National Executive Committee, carried out long and serious deliberations regarding its relatively poor electoral performance, and made new decisions to improve its organizational structure, in a ‘surgical’ operation which was aptly code-named “kujivua gamba”
(iii) the “self-inflicted injuries”.
Experience has shown that the phenomenon of self- inflicted injuries is the ‘mega’ threat in this particular respect; as this is what contributed to diminished election victories in some of the past general elections, specifically the 2015 general election where CCM garnered the lows ever election victory, in terms of percentages, with only 58.46% for the Presidential candidate, and 73.86% of the total number of Parliamentary seats. Although these results were very good for CCM, but they were still worrying, when compared with the previous 2010 election victories, in which the Presidential candidate had obtained 61.17%; and 78.2% of the Parliamentary seats.
Examples of CCM’s ‘self-inflicted injuries’.
Failure to discipline its perceived ‘truant leaders’.
One such example was the apparent failure, during the 2005 - 2010 leadership period, to enforce discipline among some of its leaders at the national level. This was in connection with certain financial scandals, which generated a great deal of public anger countrywide.
(iii) the “self-inflicted injuries”.
Experience has shown that the phenomenon of self- inflicted injuries is the ‘mega’ threat in this particular respect; as this is what contributed to diminished election victories in some of the past general elections, specifically the 2015 general election where CCM garnered the lows ever election victory, in terms of percentages, with only 58.46% for the Presidential candidate, and 73.86% of the total number of Parliamentary seats. Although these results were very good for CCM, but they were still worrying, when compared with the previous 2010 election victories, in which the Presidential candidate had obtained 61.17%; and 78.2% of the Parliamentary seats.
Examples of CCM’s ‘self-inflicted injuries’.
Failure to discipline its perceived ‘truant leaders’.
One such example was the apparent failure, during the 2005 - 2010 leadership period, to enforce discipline among some of its leaders at the national level. This was in connection with certain financial scandals, which generated a great deal of public anger countrywide.
There were two specific “anger-generating” scandals which were closely associated with certain high-ranking CCM government leaders, namely the “Richmond” scandal; and the “EPA” scandal. The “Richmond” scandal surfaced in an acrimonious National Assembly debate, which eventually led to the forced resignation of then Prime Minister Edward Lowassa. This particular debate inflicted immense damage to CCM, for it created two antagonistic groups among its members of Parliament; one of which was labeled the “mafisadi” group; while the other presented itself as the “anti-mafisadi” crusaders; which dedicated itself to the task of seeking the downfall of the “mafisadi” group at the next following general election of 2010.
As that alone was not bad enough, this “Richmond” scandal was followed, in quick succession, by another equally damaging scandal, involving accusations directed at some leading CCM national leaders, who were alleged to have stolen money from the External Payments Account (EPA) of the Bank of Tanzania.
Such accusations, naturally generated a significant amount of anger among many Tanzanians, and thus hugely contributed to the loss of confidence in the ruling party top leadership, for failing to take action; and, consequently, gave rise to the presumption that the top leadership was deliberately protecting the abhorred “mafisadi” cadres within its ranks!
It is such damaging public perceptions that created what may be described as “collective anger” against CCM; and probably led to the very low turnout of voters at their respective polling stations on polling day for the 2010 general election, which was a dismal 42%; and contributed to CCM’s diminished CCM’s victory in the Presidential election, from 80.25 in the 2005 election, down to 61.17%.
And with regard to the parliamentary elections, the problem was further compounded by CCM’s imprudent selection of some of the “mafisadi” group, as candidates for the parliamentary elections. It was very much like “rubbing salt” in the wounds of the already angry electorate; which is probably what explains the very low turnout of voters referred to above, as a demonstration of protest.
Such “collective public anger” fits quite well into the definition of “self-inflicted injuries”; for it was brought about as a result of failure by the CCM top leadership to take appropriate disciplinary action against the culprits. It was at about the same time that the African National Congress of South Africa was going through very hard times, because of “corruption scandals” that were being associated with its top leadership. According to South Africa’s media reports coming out at that time, “South Africa’s ruling party is struggling to show the voting public that it can clean up the mess it has made. With voting trends suggesting a significant decline in its share of the votes, there is a very real prospect of the ANC being voted out of power at the forthcoming general election of 2019; which was unthinkable until recently”.
The importance of party discipline.
It should be noted that the culture of multi-party politics puts the greatest emphasis on two related factors. These are:
Such “collective public anger” fits quite well into the definition of “self-inflicted injuries”; for it was brought about as a result of failure by the CCM top leadership to take appropriate disciplinary action against the culprits. It was at about the same time that the African National Congress of South Africa was going through very hard times, because of “corruption scandals” that were being associated with its top leadership. According to South Africa’s media reports coming out at that time, “South Africa’s ruling party is struggling to show the voting public that it can clean up the mess it has made. With voting trends suggesting a significant decline in its share of the votes, there is a very real prospect of the ANC being voted out of power at the forthcoming general election of 2019; which was unthinkable until recently”.
The importance of party discipline.
It should be noted that the culture of multi-party politics puts the greatest emphasis on two related factors. These are:
(a) party organization; and
(b) party discipline.
This culture generally recognizes and accepts, that these two factors are the most fundamental features of any serious political party; which must “organize effective support throughout the country’; but must also be prepared to “ impose discipline on its leaders and members”, where necessary.
CCM’s organizational structure has served this party extremely well, by giving it the strength required to win competitive elections.
CCM’s organizational structure has served this party extremely well, by giving it the strength required to win competitive elections.
And it may be helpful at this juncture, to remember party Chairman John Pombe Magufuli’s “sweeping” positive reforms which he introduced into the organizational structure of our ruling party, thus providing it with a more suitable framework for more effective participation in the competitive politics of the multi-party political landscape.
But the disciplining of its members, and particularly its leaders where necessary, is of equal importance. We have already referred above, to the antagonistic groups which at one time developed among CCM members of Parliament during the 9th Parliament, and the damage which was caused by the failure to take appropriate disciplinary action against the culprits. This should be enough evidence of the importance of implementing party discipline, for its guaranteed survival as the ruling party.
“Reasoning with the worst that may befall”
This now reminds me of that famous English Playwright and dramatist, William Shakespeare, who wrote the following lines in his Julius Caesar, Act V, scene 1 : “since the affairs of men are uncertain, let us reason with the worst that may befall”
This presentation largely assumes that the affairs of electoral politics are equally uncertain. I have therefore “reasoned with the worst that may befall CCM”; namely the remote probability of its democratic removal from power; for the purpose of alerting it to the need to be prepared to guard against such an unwelcome eventuality.
piomsekwa@gmail.com/0754767576.
But the disciplining of its members, and particularly its leaders where necessary, is of equal importance. We have already referred above, to the antagonistic groups which at one time developed among CCM members of Parliament during the 9th Parliament, and the damage which was caused by the failure to take appropriate disciplinary action against the culprits. This should be enough evidence of the importance of implementing party discipline, for its guaranteed survival as the ruling party.
“Reasoning with the worst that may befall”
This now reminds me of that famous English Playwright and dramatist, William Shakespeare, who wrote the following lines in his Julius Caesar, Act V, scene 1 : “since the affairs of men are uncertain, let us reason with the worst that may befall”
This presentation largely assumes that the affairs of electoral politics are equally uncertain. I have therefore “reasoned with the worst that may befall CCM”; namely the remote probability of its democratic removal from power; for the purpose of alerting it to the need to be prepared to guard against such an unwelcome eventuality.
piomsekwa@gmail.com/0754767576.
Source: Daily News and Cde Msekwa today.
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