There are many legacy aspects that can be credited to Mwalimu Julius Nyerere, the founder and Father of our nation. However, his most acclaimed and everlasting legacy is, undisputedly, that of the country’s unity, tranquility, and peace, among the people of Tanzania. “UNITY” is the chemical substance that has bonded the people of Tanzania together for all the 60 years of independence.
Mwalimu Nyerere successfully forged this lasting unity through specific concrete measures, which included the nationalization of the previously segregated religion-based schools; the construction of new boarding schools which were to admit students from different parts of the country; and the introduction of ‘national Service’ training camps. These measures helped to create new friendships and alliances among the country’s youth; thus eliminating any lingering tribal feelings and loyalties among them.
This factor was acknowledged by President Nyerere himself, in his farewell address to Parliament on 29th July, 1985, in preparation for his voluntary retirement in October of that year. We will elaborate on this aspect a little later in this presentation. In the meantime, we will look at the pre-independence challenges, and the immediate post-independence tasks.
‘Nyerere’ and ‘Uhuru’ are synonymous.
“Kama siyo juhudi zako Nyerere, na Uhuru tungepata wapi?” (Patriotic song).
This factor was acknowledged by President Nyerere himself, in his farewell address to Parliament on 29th July, 1985, in preparation for his voluntary retirement in October of that year. We will elaborate on this aspect a little later in this presentation. In the meantime, we will look at the pre-independence challenges, and the immediate post-independence tasks.
‘Nyerere’ and ‘Uhuru’ are synonymous.
“Kama siyo juhudi zako Nyerere, na Uhuru tungepata wapi?” (Patriotic song).
In the context of this article, the word “independence’ means no more than ‘freedom from colonial domination’. That is to say, freedom from being ruled by foreign people, who have an alien attitude to life, as well as different customs and beliefs; and who are entitled to determine the forms of government, and the types of social and economic activities for the people whom they dominate , without their consent. Thus, the primary role of the colonial government was merely to “govern” (read control) the people; while paying minimal attention to those peoples’ social and economic development needs.
Hence, the attainment of “Independence”, presented the opportunity for the country to plan and implement its own development , precisely in accordance with its needs and requirements.
In the words of Mwalimu Nyerere himself:- “Uhuru ulitupatia fursa ya kujenga Taifa letu kulingana na misingi ambayo tumekuwa tukiihubiri, yaani usawa na fusa sawa kwa kila mmoja wetu ya kuchangia katika maendeleo ya nchi yetu kwa nguvu zake zote, na uwezo wake wote”.
The formation of political parties.
Political parties were the recognized vehicles for use by politicians in all colonized countries in the fight for their independence. And Mwalimu Nyerere had to follow exactly the same route, by establishing the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), on 7th December, 1954. Before TANU’s establishment, there were no political parties in Tanganyika. TANU was indeed preceded by an organization called Tanganyika African Association, which was founded in 1929; but this was only a welfare organization, formed by the few civil servants who were employed by the British colonial Administration. Thus, when Nyerere started his active engagement in politics, he joined TAA; and was subsequently elected its President, on 17th July, 1953.
Political parties were the recognized vehicles for use by politicians in all colonized countries in the fight for their independence. And Mwalimu Nyerere had to follow exactly the same route, by establishing the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), on 7th December, 1954. Before TANU’s establishment, there were no political parties in Tanganyika. TANU was indeed preceded by an organization called Tanganyika African Association, which was founded in 1929; but this was only a welfare organization, formed by the few civil servants who were employed by the British colonial Administration. Thus, when Nyerere started his active engagement in politics, he joined TAA; and was subsequently elected its President, on 17th July, 1953.
It was at its annual general meeting held on 7th July, 1954, that TAA resolved to convert itself from its previous status as a welfare organization, into a political organization named TANU; whose mission was “to prepare the people of Tanganyika for self-government; and to work relentlessly until that objective is achieved”.
Three other political parties were rapidly formed during that period. They were the following:-
(i) The ‘United Tanganyika Party’ (UTP), which was sponsored by the colonial government, for the purpose of challenging TANU.
(ii) The ‘All Muslim National Union of Tanganyika’; whose formation was encouraged by the colonial government , because its proponents were advocating an indefinite delay to the attainment of independence; due to their expressed fear that if independence came too quickly as demanded by TANU, it would “mainly benefit the Christians who were better educated”.
(iii) The ‘African National Congress’ (ANC), which was a splinter party from TANU.; just because their declared policy was “Africa for Africans only”, which was in direct opposition to TANU’s multi-racial policy.
Inevitably, there were serious other challenges which were created by the colonial Administration, in an effort to sabotage TANU’s efforts in its pursuit for the country’s independence. For example, an ‘Executive Order’ was issued in December 1954, by which all public servants were prohibited from joining TANU as members thereof. This effectively denied TANU the services of the few educated Tanganyika AfricanFurthermore, a new law was enacted, which required the registration of individual TANU Branches. This gave the colonial Administration the means to refuse the opening of new TANU Branches, by simply denying them registration. It also gave them the power to de-register any TANU Branch, on the simple excuse that it had violated the conditions for registration.
In addition, during 1957, Nyerere and other TANU leaders were banned from holding public meetings.
Then there was the imposition of the infamous “tripartite vote” under an election law which was enacted in May 1957 in preparation for the first-ever general election of 1958/59. This law required that in order for his vote to be valid, every voter must vote for three candidates: a European, an Asian and an African. Many TANU leaders and ordinary members were , understandably, opposed to this requirement.
The immediate post- independence tasks.
President Julius Nyerere, who was in charge of the country during the immediate post-independence years; was faced with two distinct crucial tasks as a result of the attainment of the country’s independence (or freedom from colonial domination). The first was to ‘remove all remnants of the undesirable colonial laws and governance structures’, which had been based entirely on blatant racial segregation. The other was to rapidly ‘put in place new governance policies and structures’, that would be suitable for the wellbeing of the people of the new Tanganyika nation.
The immediate post- independence tasks.
President Julius Nyerere, who was in charge of the country during the immediate post-independence years; was faced with two distinct crucial tasks as a result of the attainment of the country’s independence (or freedom from colonial domination). The first was to ‘remove all remnants of the undesirable colonial laws and governance structures’, which had been based entirely on blatant racial segregation. The other was to rapidly ‘put in place new governance policies and structures’, that would be suitable for the wellbeing of the people of the new Tanganyika nation.
The racial segregation policies were so obnoxious that they tempted some radical members of the pre-independence Legislature, to retaliate by proposing a denial of the country’s citizenship to all non- Africans. This happened during the heated two-day debate (17th -18th October, 1961) on the Second Reading of the Citizenship Bill.
The most vocal group that was supporting this proposed denial , included Ali Said Mtaki (Mpwapwa) and Christopher Kasanga Tumbo (Mpanda). But their view was vehemently opposed by Mwalimu Nyerere, who strongly argued the principle that the new country’s citizenship was going to based only on loyalty to the country, and certainly not on the colour of a person’s skin; which, he pointed out, was just another form of racial segregation!
But, in those early formative years, President Nyerere also found it imperative to carry out certain other minor tasks which appeared necessary for the purpose of ‘de-colonizing’ some peoples’ minds. These were in respect of two matters of a rather mundane nature, which were rapidly emerging. These were: (a) the unnecessary pomposity surrounding government leaders and functions; and (b) the need to exercise frugality in government spending . In connection therewith, he gave himself the task of ‘preaching ’ about the importance, and urgent, need to avoid such temptations.
With regard to ‘pomposity’; President Nyerere, in his speech at a mass rally to mark “Saba Saba Day” on 7th July, 1963, spoke seriously on ‘the dangers of pomposity’; and followed this up by issuing a terse letter to all Ministers and Officials of the government and TANU dated 13th July, 1963; in which he instructed “every person in a responsible position, both in TANU and the Government, to help in stamping out this disease”.
With regard to ‘pomposity’; President Nyerere, in his speech at a mass rally to mark “Saba Saba Day” on 7th July, 1963, spoke seriously on ‘the dangers of pomposity’; and followed this up by issuing a terse letter to all Ministers and Officials of the government and TANU dated 13th July, 1963; in which he instructed “every person in a responsible position, both in TANU and the Government, to help in stamping out this disease”.
Specifically, he expressed very strong disapproval of the practice of ‘singing the National Anthem every time a government leader arrives at a gathering of any kind, anywhere”; and the closure by the Police of streets and roads to other users, “hours before the President is passes through”; a practice which he condemned by saying: “do not confuse dignity with pomposity” .
And with respect to ‘frugality’, President Nyerere addressed this issue in his formal ‘Address to the nation’ on the first anniversary of the Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar on 26th April 1965; in which he emphasized the need for the government, as well as the individual citizens; to cultivate the habit, and practice, of refusing to buy things that are not really necessary, or essential, for ordinary use; merely as a sign of showing off. For example, during the first year after independence (when Nyerere had resigned as Prime Minister), the government had bought a fleet of specially designed, luxury black limousines, for use by Government Ministers.
Nyerere’s indelible legacy of lasting unity and peace.
In his farewell Address to Parliament referred to above, President Nyerere literally went ‘down memory lane’ , by making a candid assessment of his performance during his period in office. He said the following, among many other things:- “Kazi iliyokuwa muhimu kuliko zote kwangu mimi, ilikwa ni kujenga Taifa lenye umoja, kwa misingi ya heshima na usawa wa binadamu . . . Nadhani leo naweza kusema bila kusita; kwamba tulipata mafanikio makubwa na ya kujivunia, katika juhudi za kuifikia shabaha hii kuu na ya msingi kabisa. Kwani sasa tunalo Taifa lenye umoja, na ambalo msingi wake ni heshima na usawa wa binadamu. Kwa hakika, tumepiga hatua kubwa katika kuimarisha umoja huo. Na sasa umoja wetu, umo ndani ya wananchi wa Tanzania wenyewe”.
And with respect to ‘frugality’, President Nyerere addressed this issue in his formal ‘Address to the nation’ on the first anniversary of the Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar on 26th April 1965; in which he emphasized the need for the government, as well as the individual citizens; to cultivate the habit, and practice, of refusing to buy things that are not really necessary, or essential, for ordinary use; merely as a sign of showing off. For example, during the first year after independence (when Nyerere had resigned as Prime Minister), the government had bought a fleet of specially designed, luxury black limousines, for use by Government Ministers.
Nyerere’s indelible legacy of lasting unity and peace.
In his farewell Address to Parliament referred to above, President Nyerere literally went ‘down memory lane’ , by making a candid assessment of his performance during his period in office. He said the following, among many other things:- “Kazi iliyokuwa muhimu kuliko zote kwangu mimi, ilikwa ni kujenga Taifa lenye umoja, kwa misingi ya heshima na usawa wa binadamu . . . Nadhani leo naweza kusema bila kusita; kwamba tulipata mafanikio makubwa na ya kujivunia, katika juhudi za kuifikia shabaha hii kuu na ya msingi kabisa. Kwani sasa tunalo Taifa lenye umoja, na ambalo msingi wake ni heshima na usawa wa binadamu. Kwa hakika, tumepiga hatua kubwa katika kuimarisha umoja huo. Na sasa umoja wetu, umo ndani ya wananchi wa Tanzania wenyewe”.
The fact that ‘umoja wetu umo ndani ya wananchi wenyewe’, is exemplified by cultural habits which have naturally developed among the people of Tanzania, specifically that of inter-tribal marriages; which has been greatly aided by the Kiswahili common language. Indeed, inter-tribal intermarriages are now a pretty common feature of Tanzanian society. And as a result of such marriages, even the tribal dialects are getting lost and forgotten; because the common language of communication in such families unavoidably becomes Kiswahili, the national language.
President Nyerere went on to enumerate all the achievements that had been scored during the whole of that period. (For more deails, see my book titled : “Uongozi na Utawala wa Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere” (Nyambari Nyangwine Publishers, Dar es Salaam, 2012). There can be no disputing the fact that It is this national unity, which has guaranteed the long lasting peace that our country has enjoyed, throughout the 60 years period under discussion.
Mwalimu Nyerere’s other legacy aspects. These include that of his exemplary ethical leadership. For example, in the course of his tough journey in the fight for independence, the colonial Governor nominated Mwalimu Nyerere to the membership of the
Legislative Council (LEGCO), in July 1957. Mwalimu Nyerere had gladly accepted this, in the hope that such membership would help him to influence the course of events through his participation therein. But he felt obliged to resign there from only six months later, due to his utter frustration at being unable to influence events as he had hoped; just because the colonial government would not listen to any of his reasonable proposals. He explained the reasons for his resignation as follows: - “Nilijitahidi kutoa mchango wangu ambao ulikuwa katika uwezo wangu kutoa, lakini kila nilichokipendekeza, kimekuwa kinakataliwa. Najisikia kuwa ninawadanganya Watanganyika, kama nitaendelea kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza hilo nikipokea posho , na hivyo kutoa muonekano wa udanganyife kwamba kuna kazi ya maana ninayoifanya huko, wakati kumbe sina manufaa yoyote yenye kuleta faida kwa nchi yangu” !
piomsekwa @gmail.com / o754767576.
President Nyerere went on to enumerate all the achievements that had been scored during the whole of that period. (For more deails, see my book titled : “Uongozi na Utawala wa Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere” (Nyambari Nyangwine Publishers, Dar es Salaam, 2012). There can be no disputing the fact that It is this national unity, which has guaranteed the long lasting peace that our country has enjoyed, throughout the 60 years period under discussion.
Mwalimu Nyerere’s other legacy aspects. These include that of his exemplary ethical leadership. For example, in the course of his tough journey in the fight for independence, the colonial Governor nominated Mwalimu Nyerere to the membership of the
Legislative Council (LEGCO), in July 1957. Mwalimu Nyerere had gladly accepted this, in the hope that such membership would help him to influence the course of events through his participation therein. But he felt obliged to resign there from only six months later, due to his utter frustration at being unable to influence events as he had hoped; just because the colonial government would not listen to any of his reasonable proposals. He explained the reasons for his resignation as follows: - “Nilijitahidi kutoa mchango wangu ambao ulikuwa katika uwezo wangu kutoa, lakini kila nilichokipendekeza, kimekuwa kinakataliwa. Najisikia kuwa ninawadanganya Watanganyika, kama nitaendelea kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza hilo nikipokea posho , na hivyo kutoa muonekano wa udanganyife kwamba kuna kazi ya maana ninayoifanya huko, wakati kumbe sina manufaa yoyote yenye kuleta faida kwa nchi yangu” !
piomsekwa @gmail.com / o754767576.
Source: Daily News today
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